What are adjectives?
Adjectives are descriptive words which
are used to add detail to a sentence. They can give important or necessary
information (e.g. Please hand me the blue paper), or they can
just make the sentence more interesting or detailed (e.g. A frigid,
icy, painfully cold wind blew around the town). Adjectives modify
(describe) nouns.
Adjectives can usually be identified by
asking what:
The girl is beautiful.
What is the girl? She’s beautiful.
Uses of adjectives
FORM
There are many different adjective endings
including "-ive," "-ous," "-y," "-ful,"
"-ent" and many others. "Attractive," "envious,"
"lazy," "beautiful," and "intelligent" are all
adjectives.
Adjectives can be used to modify nouns.
Examples:
• Jimmy rides a
motorcycle.
• Marinka cooks
delicious pancake.
Adjectives often follow linking verbs
(described below).
Examples:
• Richman is slim.
• Alona seems angry.
Adjectives can tell the reader how much – or
how many – of something you’re talking about, which thing you want passed to
you, or which kind you want.
Please use three white flowers in the arrangement.
Three and white are
modifying flowers.
If you are using multiple adjectives which
are commonly put together, there’s no need for a comma between the adjectives.
Look at that sweet little puppy!
If the adjectives aren’t usually used
together, separate them with a comma or conjunction.
I’m looking for a small, good-tempered dog to
keep as a pet.
My new dog is small and good-tempered.
Adjectives usually go before the noun
(e.g. small child) unless one of the following verbs are
involved: be, feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, seem. In these
cases, the adjectives work more like adverbs.
The child is small.
The child seems small.
Adjectives:
-ed or -ing? English contains numerous -ed or -ing adjective pairs derived from
verbs. To avoid mixing these up, remember that the -ed adjectives are used to
describe how you feel, and the -ing adjectives are used for what it is that
makes you feel that way. Here are some examples:
• I feel tired. -
Working in the garden all day is very tiring.
• I am bored. - This
grammar lesson is boring.
• She was
disappointed. - Her math test score was disappointing.
• I'm interested in
Ancient Egypt. - I think Ancient Egypt isinteresting.
• He was shocked. -
He found your behaviour shocking.
• I'm very confused
by this film. - This film is very confusing.
After certain verbs (e.g. be, become,
seem, look, taste, smell, etc.) the adjective, not the adverb, is used:
She doesn't seem happy today.
Don't be stupid!
This meat tastes bad.
Those flowers smell strange.
What are adverbs?
Adverbs are descriptive words which are
used to add detail to a sentence. They can give important or necessary
information (e.g. Please hand me the scalpel now), or they can just
make the sentence more interesting or detailed (e.g. A wind
blew violently andunceasingly around the town). Adverbs usually
modify verbs, and they frequently end in ‑ly.
Uses of adverbs
FORM
[adjective + ly]
There are
also irregular adverbs such as "well" and "fast."
Adverbs
can be used to modify verbs.
Examples:
• Richman walked slowly towards the door.
• Siera sat silently waiting for Rani to
speak first.
Adverbs
can be used to modify adjectives.
Examples:
• The flower was impressively beautiful.
• The skirt was outrageously expensive.
Adverbs
can be used to modify other adverbs.
Examples:
• Risa spoke extremely confidently.
• The horse ran incredibly quickly.
The adverb doesn’t have to go after the verb;
feel free to vary the sentence structure to make it more interesting for your
reader:
Silently, the girl snuck past her parents’ room.
Adverbs can also modify adjectives and other
adverbs.
The dog ran fairly quickly.
The adverb fairly is modifying the
other adverb quickly.
The weather report is almost
always right.
The adverb almost is modifying the
adverb always.
The woman is quite pretty.
The adverb quite is modifying the
adjective pretty.
This book is more interesting than the last one.
The adverb more is modifying the adjective interesting.
In English most (but not all) adverbs have a
different form (spelling) than their
corresponding adjective. It is important, therefore, that you know whether you
need an adjective or an adverb in the sentences you want to say or write.
Generally, adjectives are used to describe nouns and adverbs are used with
verbs to say howthings are done. In the following examples,
the adjectives are puple and
the adverbs are pink:
He's a beautiful singer.
- He sings beautifully.
She's a very quick runner.
- She can run very quickly.
He's a careless writer.
- He writes carelessly.
She's a good worker.
- She works well.
Adverbs are also used to give extra
information about adjectives (or other adverbs), as in the following examples:
I am extremely happy in my new job.
She's in hospital with a seriously injured neck.
It's incredibly easy to make a mistake when knitting.
The girl climbed dangerously high up
the tree.
Because of the thick fog I drove extremely carefully.
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