Rabu, 24 Juni 2015

Connectors, Relative Clause, Adjective and Adverb Clause

A.      CONNECTORS/CONJUNCTIONS
Tedapat beberapa kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari dua klausa ( Klausa adalah kelompok kata yang paling sedikit terdiri dari satu Subject dan satu Verb (Predikat). Cara Menggabungkan klausa tersebut salah satunya dengan menggunakan connetors.
Conjunction atau atau connector atau kata sambung adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan/menggabungkan kata dengan kata yang lain, phrase dengan phrase yang lain, atau clause dengan clause yang lain.
Ada 3 tipe conjunctions: 
1.     1.coordinating connectors
2.    correlative connectors
3.    subordinating connectors

Cara Penggunannya
1.     Coordinating connectors
Connectors ini digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata dengan kata yang lain, menggabungkan phrase dengan phrase yang lain, atau kalimat dengan kalimat yang lain. Yang dihubungkan oleh connecors tipe ini harus merupakan element kalimat yang sama,
 misalnya:
 subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, sentence+sentence.
Coordinating connectors terdiri dari :
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. 
.
Contoh:
1)    Rosa is moslem but she never read Al qur’an..
2)   Rani wakes up at 5:00 am, and she goes to school at 6:30 am every morning
3)   The boy keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in the dark
4)   What do you prefer to do you homework or go to the mall tomorrow?
5)   I didn’t work hard, yet I got my salary.
6)   My sister is a vegetarian. She will not eat beef, nor will she eat chicken. 
7)   My mother was very hungry, so he ate some burgers.

2. Paired Connectors /Correlative Connectors
Connectors ini juga menggabungkan element-element kalimat seperti di atas. Bedanya adalah selalu digunakan secara berpasangan.
konjungsi :
both…and
either…or
not only…but also
neither…nor

Contoh:
1)    Richman is both fiendly and smart.
2)   She is not only beautiful but also honest
3)   Either the students or the teacher is going to go to the museum tomorrow. (Baik murid-murid maupun guru akan pergi ke museum besok).
4)   It is neither spicy nor tasty.

3.  Subordinating Connectors
Subordinating Connectors adalah kata-kata yang dapat digunakan untuk membentuk adverbial clause (yang umumnya merupakan anak kalimat /subordinate clause) dari kalimat pokok (main clause). Jumlah Connectors tipe ini sangat banyak dan pada umumnya adalah adverbs. Conjunction tipe ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 5, yaitu conjunction yang menyatakan waktu (time), sebab akibat (cause dan effect), makna berlawanan (opposition), tujuan (purpose), dan pengandaian (conditional).
Contoh :
1)    The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot.
2)   As long as I live, I will never see your fucking ugly face again.
3)   I will meet you again as soon as possible
4)   The soup is so hot that I can’t eat it
5)   He has such a nice body that a lot of girls are attracted to him.
6)   Renny is rich, whereas Joni is poor.
7)   No matter how hard it is, I believe we can face it together
8)   During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be able to listen to what the teacher says.
9)   I turned off the Alarm so that I won’ wake up late tomorrow.
10) I have decided to work in Bank. Even if my parents disagree, I am going to wok as bankers

B. RELATIVE CLAUSE
Relative Clause adalah bagian dari kalimat (anak kalimat) yang memberi keterangan pada orang atau benda yang mendahuluinya. Istilah Relative Clause sama dengan Adjective Clause. Disebut Adjective Clause karena dia menerangkan benda atau orang yang mendahuluinya. Disebut Relative Clause karena dia menghubungkan (me-relate) benda atau orang tersebut dengan frasa di belakangnya. Relative Clause diawali dengan kata penghubungwho, whom, whose, which, that, dengan fungsi sebagai berikut

Who: menerangkan orang sebagai subject
Whom: menerangkan kan orang sebagai object (menggantikan me, you, us, him, her, them, it) 
Whose:menerangkan orang sebagai pemilik (menggantikan my, your, our, his, her,
their, its)
Which: menerangkan benda sebagai subject maupun object
That menerangkan orang atau benda baik sebagai subject maupun object

Contoh:
Orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah pada kalimat sebelah kiri adalah sama dengan kata ganti orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah dalam kalimat sebelah kanan.Kata penghubung dibuat berdasarkan kata ganti orang atau benda dalam kalimat di sebelah kanan.

1. The chef gave us some Italian foods. He cooked a lot of Italian foods.
--The chef who cooked a lot of ialian fods gave us some. (subjek)
2. My Boyfriend was away on holiday. I wanted to see him.
--My boyfriend whom I wanted to see was away on holiday. (objek)
3. The girl asked me. Her bike was lost. 
--The girl whose bike was lost asked me. (pemilik)

C.       ADJECTIVE DAN ADVERB
1.  ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun (kata ganti)
a. Noun (kata benda)
 - My school is good = Sekolah saya bagus
- My novel  are thick = Novel saya tebal
- My hair is long  = Rambut saya panjan
Penjelasannya
good menerangkan clausa
thick menerangkan novel
big menerangkan mall

b. Pronoun (kata benda)
- he is clever      =  ia pandai
- she is beatiful   =  ia cantik
- they are diligent   =  mereka rajin
penjelasannya
clever  menerangkan he
beautiful menerangkan she
diligent menerangkan  they

2. ADVERB 
ADVERB   adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan verb ,adjective, adverb yang lain
atau seluruh kalimat

a. verb (kata kerja)
- he is working hard = ia bekerja keras
- the train run quickly  =  kereta api cepat larinya
- she spaks loudly      = ia berbicara keras

penjelasan
hard        menerangkan  working 
quickly    menerangkan  runs

oudly     menerangkan   speaks

Kamis, 21 Mei 2015

Causative verbs

Causative verbs?
The causative verb is a common structure in English. It shows that somebody or something is indirectly responsible for an action. The subject doesn't perform the action itself, but causes someone or something else to do it instead.
The causative are : have, get, make

There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive.
Active causative verbs?
This structure is used when someone causes something to happen, or when a person causes another one to take an action.
Passive causative verbs?
This structure is used to talk about having something done by another person/thing.

How to Use Causative Verb?
Let
FORM
[let + person + verb]
USE
This construction means "to allow someone to do something."
Examples:
·         Charli let me ride his new bycycle.
·         John let his daughter swim with her best friend
·         Will your parents let you go to the camping?
·         I don't know if my teacher will let me take the day off

Make
FORM
[make + person + verb]
USE
This construction means "to force someone to do something."
Examples:
·         My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
·         Did somebody make you wear that ugly boots?
·         Sandra made her children do their task.
·         The manager made the salesmen attend the conference.

Have
FORM
[have + person + verb]
USE
This construction means "to give someone the responsibility to do something."
Examples:
·         Miss Lina had her student take the picture of the rabbits.
·         Please have your secretary fax me the information.
·         Dani had the chef check the foods.
·         Anna had her paper typed by a friend

Get
FORM
[get + person + to + verb]
USE
This construction usually means "to convince to do something" or "to trick someone into doing something."
Examples:
·         My father get me to take his tie.
·         He got the mechanic to repair the machine.
·         She got him to read more.
·         Marry gets John to wash the car

Get vs Have
Sometimes "get someone to do something" is interchangeable with "have someone do something," but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing.
Examples:
·         I got the mechanic to check my brakes.
·         At first the mechanic didn't think it was necessary, but I convinced him to check the brakes.
·         I had the mechanic check my brakes.
·         I asked the mechanic to check the brakes.

Source :
http://using-english-easily.blogspot.com/2011/11/causative-verb-let-make-have-get.html